The Kalinga war was a major turning point in the life of Ashoka the Great. He was the grandson of the founder of the Mauryan Empire – Chandragupta Maurya. During his early reign, he did not focus much on the policy of conquest and expansion, though, soon he began to covet the region of Kalinga (modern-day Odisha). Kalinga at that time was a large and important region but was not ruled by the Mauryans.
Hence, leading an army to a great war, Ashoka emerged victorious, capturing the kingdom. However, he felt only regret for what he had done. This war had resulted in the deaths of many. After seeing what destruction his decision had caused, Ashoka felt terrible about his actions.
Soon after this, he decided to give up the policy of conquest and expansion entirely and focused on helping the welfare of his people through his dhamma. Dhamma is the act of mastery through peace. Ashoka soon made it his pillar of guidance, shifting to a better life.
His dhamma encouraged tolerance, peace, honesty and respect towards all. It even promoted the welfare of animals. He carved his dhamma on several rocks, sandstone pillars and cave walls as edicts. These edicts are present all over India, even today.